The First Empire of Mongols- Hunnu

The period of the Hunnu (Hsiung-nu) state / 3-rd century
BC-2nd century AD/

Mongol, Turk and Jurchen races were living in the Mongolian territory from an ancient time. They alternatively ruled each other. One took power and subdued the others. However the first politically organised community among them was the Hunnu State. It was the progenitor of the states of Mongolia. According to the chronicles there was a nomadic tribe called as Khu in the 5th century before our era. They engaged in animal husbandry and each of them had its chief.
They formed the confederation of tribes. They were Hunnu people who distinguisned themselves by their prosperity in the 4th century before our era. This confederation annexed 24 Hunnu aimags. The Khan of the Hunnu people was Tumen. Tumen came from the blue blood family of Khian tribe. Since that period Khan had not been elected at the conference and became dynastic. But the Hunnu people became victims of the aggressive policy pursued by the Ching dynasty to expand its territory to the north. The mainstay of the Hunnu people was driven away from the Ordos territory where the climate is most favourable. The Chinese fortified their wall which was partial, in order to contrive their expansion in 216 year before our era. Tumen Khan endeavoured to unite various Hun aimags and organise his state. It failed. Tumen Khan, induced by his young wife, permitted his son from his youngest wife to became the heir to the throne. But his elder son Modun, hereditary successor flew into a rage and assassinated both his father and younger half brother. He himself acceded to the throne in 209 years before our era. The Hunnu State was not only of Mongol origin, but it was also the first state which
was organised among the nomadic people of central Asia. Modun Khan took back the Ordos territory occupied by the Ching dynasty.
He annexed the eastern Khu of the same origin. They attached the north and west nomadic people and subdued some of them. In the 200 year before our era Modun Khan defeated a Chinese invasion of 300000 soldiers. In the 198 year before our era Modun Khan made a treaty with the Hun state of china. The Hun dynasty of China, thus, recognised that the Hunnu State had become powerful and there was no other way than co-existence. The Chinese wall provided the common border between two states. In the wake of it, Modun Khan conquered western Turkestan and controlled the trade road which connected the occidental and oriental countries. The Hunnu State developed the characteristics of a big power. The territory of the Hunnu State extended from the Ordos to the lake Baikal and from the Kyanggan mountain range beyond to the Altai mountain range beyond. Some aimags under the rule of the Hunnu State struggled to get rid of the Hunnu domination. This was instigated by the Hun Dynasty of China for many years. As a result of their instigation the Hunnu State was divided into two parts in the 48th year before our era. The south Hunnu was allied to the Chinese. One group of north
Hunnu moved to the farther north, 100 thousand families remained. They were over 500 thousand human population. They came under Cian-bi domination in the 93 year. The Hunnu State collapsed.

The birth of Mongols

There are many traces of an ancient human race in the territory of Mongolia. These are attested to by the archaeological discovery in the white cave of Bayanlig and stone weapon found in the Uran Khairkhan hill of Baa-tsagan somon Bayankhongor aimag. According to these discoveries, it is possible to say that the human race were living in the territory of Mongolia almost 700 thousand years ago.

There is a hypothesis that Mongolia is a cradle where the first human race were living. It is in corroboration of proof. It is certain that there was an uninterrupted settlement. This assumption is based on the outward appearances of Mongols. Mongols had straight black hair, with broad foreheads, small thick eye lash, short-nose, prominent cheek bones, burly chests, narrow waists and the thick set features of the Mongoloid race. They were the ancestors of the present Mongol race.

Such type of people are a product of the nature and the climate of Mongolia over the course of many thousands of years. The perfection of the labour produced conscious people of the present day almost 40.000 years ago. At that period they used to share labour tools and their hunting catches, lived a nomadic lifestyle, engaged in animal husbandry and produced bronze and iron weapons. As this material wealth increased Clan leaders and dominant figures possessed them and became powerful. This was the origin of private ownership in Mongolia. Due to this, equality was displaced. Clan structure collapsed. The wealthy families came into aimag structure.
Several aimags joined and formed the confederation of aimags. The election of Clan leaders at the clan conference became null and void.
Descendants of blue blood families of wealthy origin took more authority by inheritance. Ties of kinship became strong and powerful. The authority became vested in the heads of powerful aimags. The class society and the state took shape.

Hi all

There will be great histories of mongolian empires and today's mongolia. and will be mongolian national special life and special things all.